Gujarat And India Full History & Culture. Detailed with MCQ
Here you can get full history And Culture Of Gujarat And
India. from Prague History to at present time in Gujarat. It’s help in all competitive
exams coming in Gujarat Government.
The history of Gujarat, began with settlements of the Indus
Valley Civilisation that have been found in the region. With the discovery of
large Harappan site of Dholavira in Kutch District, the history of Gujarat
dates back to 5000 BC. Lothal (early Harappan town dating back to 3000 BC) has
been established as the oldest known port of the world. Gujarat's coastal
cities, chiefly Bharuch, served as ports and trading centers in the Nanda,
Maurya, Satavahana and Gupta empires as well as Western Kshatrapas period.
After the fall of the Gupta empire in the 6th century, Gujarat flourished as an
independent Hindu/Buddhist states. The Maitraka dynasty, descended from a Gupta
general, ruled from the 6th to the 8th centuries from their capital at
Vallabhi, although they were ruled briefly by Harsha during the 7th century. The
Arab rulers of Sindh sacked Vallabhi in 770, bringing the Maitraka dynasty to
an end. The Gurjara-Pratihara Empire ruled Gujarat after from the 8th to 10th
centuries. As well as, for some periods the region came under the control of
Rashtrakuta Empire and Pala Empire. In 775 the first Parsi (Zoroastrian)
refugees arrived in Gujarat from Greater Iran.
During the 10th century, the native
Chaulukya dynasty came to power. Under the Chaulukya dynasty, Gujarat reached
to its greatest extent. From 1297 to 1300, Allauddin Khilji, the Turkic Sultan
of Delhi, destroyed Anhilwara and incorporated Gujarat into the Delhi
Sultanate. After Timur's sacking of Delhi at the end of the 14th century
weakened the Sultanate, Gujarat's Rajput Muslim governor Zafar Khan Muzaffar
asserted his independence, and his son, Sultan Ahmed Shah (ruled 1411 to 1442),
restructured Ahmedabad as the capital. Cambay eclipsed Bharuch as Gujarat's
most important trade port. The Sultanate of Gujarat remained independent until
1576, when the Mughal emperor Akbar the Great conquered it and annexed it to
the Mughal Empire. The port of Surat become the prominent and main port of
India during Mughal rule. Gujarat remained a province of the Mughal empire
until the Marathas occupied eastern and central Gujarat in the 18th century;
Western Gujarat (Kathiawar and Kutch) were divided among numerous local rulers.
Later in the 18th century, Gujarat
came under control of the Maratha Empire who dominated the politics of India.
Pilaji Gaekwad, first ruler of Gaekwad dynasty, established the control over
Baroda and much of Gujarat. After the Battle of Panipat in 1761, all Maratha
generals established themselves as an autonomous government while keeping the
nominal authority of the Peshwas of Pune and the Chhatrapati in Satara. The
British East India Company wrested control of much of Gujarat from the Marathas
during the Second Anglo-Maratha War. Many local rulers, notably the Maratha
Gaekwads of Baroda (Vadodara), made a separate peace with the British and acknowledged
British sovereignty in return for retaining local self-rule. Gujarat was placed
under the political authority of the Bombay Presidency, with the exception of
Baroda state, which had a direct relationship with the Governor-General of
India. From 1818 to 1947, most of present-day Gujarat, including Kathiawar,
Kutch, and northern and eastern Gujarat were divided into hundreds of princely
states, but several districts in central and southern Gujarat, namely
Ahmedabad, Broach (Bharuch), Kaira (Kheda), Panchmahal, and Surat, were ruled
directly by British officials. Mohandas Gandhi, considered India's "father
of the nation", was a Gujarati who led the Indian Independence Movement
against the British colonial rule. Gujarat was formed by splitting Bombay state
in 1960 on linguistic lines. From 1960 to 1995, Indian National Congress
retained power in Gujarat Legislative Assembly while other political parties
ruled for incomplete terms in the 1970s and 1990. Bharatiya Janata Party has
been in the power since 1998
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